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Reading a Real Banzuke, Column by Column

The ranking sheet looks like a wall of characters. It is not. It is a table with a fixed shape, three facts under every name, and one numbering quirk that catches everybody out exactly once.

What the banzuke is is covered elsewhere. This page is about reading one.

The shape: two sides, one rank in the middle

Every line of the sheet holds one rank and two men — one on the east, one on the west. The rank sits between them.

The layout of one line of a banzuke: the east wrestler on the left, the rank in the centre, the west wrestler on the right, with three facts printed under each name. EAST RANK 西 WEST the wrestling name where he is from which stable he belongs to three lines, always in this order 前頭四 maegashira 4 the wrestling name where he is from which stable he belongs to East is the senior side. Of two men at the same rank, the east one is placed above the west one. So there is no such thing as a tie on a banzuke. Every wrestler in the sport has a distinct position. Markers such as 新入幕 (first time in the top division) are printed beside the names that earned them.
One line of the sheet. The shape never changes, which is what makes it readable without Japanese.

The three lines under a name

Under each wrestler, the same three facts appear in the same order every time.

His shikona — the wrestling name.

Where he is from. For Japanese wrestlers this is a prefecture. For foreign-born wrestlers it is a country, printed in exactly the same place — so the sheet tells you at a glance how international the division currently is.

His stable. The house he belongs to. Read down the column and you will see the same stable names recurring, which is the clearest picture there is of how the sport is organised.

The trap: the first maegashira is not "one"

The numbered ranks below sanyaku run down the sheet — 前頭二, 前頭三, 前頭四 and so on. But the top one is not written 前頭一. It is 前頭筆頭 (maegashira hitto), meaning "head of the list". English coverage still calls it maegashira 1, so the same position has two names depending on where you are reading.

The six divisions are separate sheets

The published banzuke is not one continuous list on screen. It is divided the way the sport is divided, and you pick the division you want:

幕内 · 十両 · 幕下 · 三段目 · 序二段 · 序ノ口

Those are the six of the divisions article, in order. The line that matters most — the sekitori line — falls between the second and the third.

How long the top division is

Above the numbered ranks sit yokozuna and the three sanyaku ranks, each with an east and a west place. Below them the numbers run down as far as they need to — into the teens. So the top division is a few dozen men, and every one of them has a position no one else shares.

Reading it without Japanese

You do not need to read the names. Three things carry most of the meaning.

Vertical position. Higher is better. That is the whole ranking.

Which side. East outranks west at the same level.

Extra characters beside a name. A marker there means something changed — as covered in how promotion works, means first time and means again.

What to watch for

Open the current banzuke and find 前頭筆頭.

The two men on that line are the highest-ranked wrestlers without a titled rank — one promotion away from sanyaku. You can find them without reading a single name.

Source: Japan Sumo Association, 番付表 (banzuke for the September 2026 tournament), retrieved 8 September 2026.